Hierarchies
Social Hierarchy in England
Feudal Hierarchy England
House of Windsor Family Tree
Descendants of Alfred the Great
Royal Family Tree (849 - Present)
Church of England Hierarchy
Royal Navy Officer Rank Insignia
World War 2 Allied Officers Rank Insignia
ALL RISE
British Political Hierarchy
Hierarchy of British Education
NHS Hierarchy
International Corporate Hierarchy
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
In his influential paper of 1943, A Theory of Human Motivation, the American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that healthy human beings have a certain number of needs, and that these needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with some needs (such as physiological and safety needs) being more primitive or basic than others (such as social and ego needs). Maslow’s so-called ‘hierarchy of needs’ is often presented as a five-level pyramid, with higher needs coming into focus only once lower, more basic needs are met.
Maslow called the bottom four levels of the pyramid ‘deficiency needs’ because a person does not feel anything if they are met, but becomes anxious if they are not. Thus, physiological needs such as eating, drinking, and sleeping are deficiency needs, as are safety needs, social needs such as friendship and sexual intimacy, and ego needs such as self-esteem and recognition. In contrast, Maslow called the fifth level of the pyramid a ‘growth need’ because it enables a person to ‘self-actualize’ or reach his fullest potential as a human being. Once a person has met his deficiency needs, he can turn his attention to self-actualization; however, only a small minority of people are able to self-actualize because self-actualization requires uncommon qualities such as honesty, independence, awareness, objectivity, creativity, and originality.
The primary objective of waste management is to protect human health and the environment. Increasingly in the EU, and in many other states, there has been an emphasis on re-utilisation of the resource value of wastes, both by the reclamation of wastes through their reprocessing (recycling) and by recovery of the energy contained in the wastes.
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